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Pages 31 - 40
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- People like certainty more than uncertainty and more specific information than not so specific. It may be the reason behind the ambiguity effect: people tend to avoid choices bound to the real or perceived lack of information. And as a result tend to avoid choices with more ambiguity.
- The same applies for the tendency to judge harmful actions as worse, or less moral than equally harmful inactions.
- The group attribution error may be considered a kind of heuristic. And it may work from time to time. But usually the characteristics of an individual member of the group are not fully reflective of the group as a whole.
- It is the second type of group attribution error, which was demonstrated in the previous issue.
- People tend to overestimate how precisely others can understand their emotional states. And the vice versa: people usually overestimate how precisely they can understand the emotional state of others.
- The tendency poses a serious problem with conducting research with self-reports, especially questionnaires.
- Reactance is a name for this kind of psychological reactions. But there is also a method named reverse psychology from applied psychology. It is a method of persuasion based on the reactance effect.
- The just-world hypothesis is an irrational explanation of some phenomena, which is usually perceived as negative. This cognitive bias is also known as “just-world fallacy”.
- The effect may become synergistic with the frequency illusion. And the effect can be reduced if a person successfully recollect information about source of memories.
- An example of information bias is believing that an additional information should be found even if it is irrelevant for the decision making.
